Taxation Law Question free essay sample

Part 2Advise Crowbar Ltd concerning which estimation of shutting stock it ought to pick at 30 June 2010 on the premise that the organization wishes to limit its available pay. Would your answer be unique if Crowbar Ltd had convey forward misfortunes from an earlier pay year? Section 3 why might it matter to your answer if Crowbar Ltd had a normal yearly turnover over the past 4 years of $800,000? Section 1: As Crowbar Ltd has staying stock available at the year-end, it is essential for the organization to consider any unsold exchanging stock which is held by the citizen at the time as expressed under Section 70-35 of ITAA 1997. Exchanging stock arrangements permit a reasoning for the expense of stock that is really sold. Under Section 70-35(2), ITAA97, where the estimation of the end stock toward the year's end surpasses the estimation of the initial stock toward the start of the year, the thing that matters is assessable pay. We will compose a custom article test on Tax collection Law Question or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Moreover under s70-35(3), where the estimation of the initial stock surpasses the estimation of the end stock, the thing that matters is a conclusion. Section 2: It is in the wellbeing for Crowbar to choose a technique for stock valuation that limits its available salary. Under Section 70-45(1), ITAA (1997) 31(1), the citizen has the alternative to esteem exchanging stock close by toward the year's end either cost value, showcase selling esteem, substitution cost or as expressed under s70-50, ITAA (1997) {31(2)}, a lower an incentive in uncommon conditions if official is fulfilled. Crowbar Ltd Unit of StockValuation MethodLowest Cost ($) ACost Price$10,000 BMarket Selling Value$2,000 CReplacement Price$7,000 Total$19,000 Opening Stock Unit A + B + C - $48,000 Stock Value-$19,000 Claim Deductions $29,000 On the off chance that Crowbar Ltd had convey forward misfortunes from an earlier salary year: In this circumstance, it is fitting for Crowbar Ltd to amplify the estimation of its end stock. For organizations with convey forward misfortunes, it can counterbalance those misfortunes against its pay for the current year. Crowbar Ltd (with Carry-Forward Losses) Unit of StockValuation MethodLowest Cost ($) AMarket Selling Value$14,000 BCost Price$10,000 CMarket Selling Value$18,000 Total$42,000 Part 3 why does it matter to your answer if Crowbar Ltd had a normal yearly turnover over the past 4 years of $800000? A substance that is carrying on a business that has a yearly turnover of under $2 million s328-110 of ITAA 1997 is viewed as an independent venture element subsequently it shows that Crowbar Ltd is a private venture element as it has a normal yearly turnover of $800000 in the 4 earlier years. This prompts meeting the standards under Section 328-285(1) where you can decide not to represent changes in the estimation of your exchanging stock for a salary year and the contrast between the estimation of your exchanging stock close by toward the beginning of a pay year and the sensibly evaluated an incentive toward the finish of the pay year isn't more than $5,000. Crowbar Ltd can pick substitution cost at year's end, which is 11,000 + 3,000 + 7,000 = 21000. The distinction between opening which is $48,000 and end which is $21,000 is $27,000 which more than 5,000. In this way Crowbar Ltd needs to: * Value every thing of exchanging stock close by toward the finish of the pay year, or * Â Account for any adjustment in the benefit of exchanging stock available. * If a SBE citizen decides to represent changes in the estimation of exchanging stock for a pay year, the citizen should do a stocktake and record for changes in the benefit of exchanging stock.

The Best Place to Live

Each individual has their own particular manners of living. At the point when an individual begins to decide, the personal satisfaction is constantly thought of. Individuals dwells in various pieces of the world and the ways of life changes from where they originated from. Deciding for the best spot to live could give a more noteworthy effect in one's life as there are two alternatives that are beneficial to consider. For any reasons, an individual can unreservedly pick the way of life of either in urban and provincial living giving the focal points and inconveniences from the two spots. Urban and Rural settlements influences the way of life of an individual as it contrasts from the sort of instruction, work openings and the earth they live in. Training assumes a significant job to a fruitful vocation depending to the nature of instruction an individual can procure to learn. In country regions, neediness is one of the primary issues that influences the instructive result of the understudies. This frequently prompts people dropping out school just to help and accommodate their folks and to likewise assist them with dealing with the family. Additionally, very few kids living in less created towns have the chance to examine, particularly in school. Innumerable measures of individuals might not have the chance to have the future they longed for because of the reality of where they grew up or certain conditions throughout their life that debilitated them from their objectives. Separation is another issue need to confront in light of the absence of transportation. Albeit many battle to get to places because of absence of transportation, the individuals who live in the provincial zone battle more. An educator additionally faces numerous difficulties in provincial schools. Educators in country zones are paid with low compensations and the absence of instructors is another colossal hindrance while in transit to training. Educators are critical in light of the fact that they give the understudies an establishment to work from and help the understudies develop their way throughout everyday life. So the absence of instructors would have a colossal effect on the understudies life and future. In urban zones, on the other hand, a preferred position showed by urban understudies for the most part happens in cutting edge nation and economy. The entirety of the understudies can get access of the riches and social open doors that huge urban areas can offer. Urban schools are typically bigger in size and they especially have the assets and offices that the rustic territory will in general need. The greater part of the schools in the urban communities have progressed and qualified instructors as they get tightly to proceeding with trainings and workshops. The scope of work choices must be viewed as while picking a sort of occupation. In Urban regions where the populace is high and amazingly populated, the vast majority mean to go after positions where they can get a decent pay. As per the examination from Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA), â€Å"the most high-gifted, lucrative occupations will in general group in urban regions. Urban focuses will in general have practical experience in information based work with high worries of Technicians, Engineers, Scientist and Executives, while in country regions have bigger centralization of Machinist and Makers, which by and large require less ability and get lower salaries.† (Florida 2012).In rustic territories, occupants need more business choices because of the absence of openings for work and the vast majority has a reverse relationship with agribusiness. In opposite, urban territories are created in an arranged and efficient path as far as industrialisation. A division of work is consistently present in the urban settlement for work allocation and as a result of the incredible open doors for development and the convergence of individuals, urban zones are favored for formative projects where the business are undoubtedly contributed. Ecological conditions gives an effect on a person's personal satisfaction. Individuals living in remote spots is generally portrayed as a tranquil and serene heaven which is an ideal spot to loosen up and escape from hurrying around of the city life. Other than country territories are less packed in light of the fact that there are relatively few individuals and vehicles. The landscape in rustic zones are wonderful and very much saved accordingly the individuals can appreciate the nature and have a quiet brain. Interestingly with the city occupants, who have a tumultuous existence and regularly feel irritated because of incredible worry in the every day life, for example, traffic, managing higher paces of wrongdoing and making good on higher expenses. With respect to the nature, the trees are cut in urban territories for development of streets and structures that outcomes to the lost of horticultural grounds. The contamination and the deforestation has prompted natural lopsidedness and medical issues, which shadow the eventual fate of urban living. Urban settlements are controlled by the propelled accommodations, chances of instruction, offices for transport, and business while the country settlements depend more on normal assets and occasions. For an individual who intends to dwell on a particular place and get the sort of dream life notwithstanding, will take note of the complexity between the settlement choices alongside how it contrasts in the nature of instruction, business alternatives, and the earth in both rustic and urban territories.

Native Americans in the United States and African Americans Essay

Presentation Joel Spring’s Deculturalization and the Struggle for Equality inspects the instructive approaches in the United States that have brought about deliberate examples of persecution by Protestant, European Americans against racial and ethnic gatherings. The chronicled setting of the European American oppressor is useful in seeing how the prevailing gathering has controlled the minority gatherings. These minority bunches incorporate Americans who are Native, African, Latin/Hispanic, and Asian. Strategies for deculturalization were applied in endeavors to delete the mistreated groups’ past characters and to acclimatize them into society at a level where they could be useful to the oppressors. Strategies incorporate detachment from family, substitution of language, forswearing of instruction, consideration of prevailing gathering world view, and arrangement of mediocre instructors and poor offices. Connections between instructive approach and occurrences of prejudice and examples of mistreatment are investigated in the accompanying. A segment will likewise contrast my earlier instruction with the one introduced in Spring’s book. Arranging Understanding how European Americans have had the option to see themselves as predominant in mental, profound, racial, and social terms is vital to perceiving how social destruction has happened in the United States. The fundamental program is taken from the Roman Imperium which appoints the position to edify others by eradicating their laws and culture and at the same time or in this manner putting in new laws and mores from the prevailing gathering into the minority gathering. This arrangement has been applied by U. S. instructors and legislators trying to do an apparent overhaul from a second rate social program to the predominant Anglo-Saxon blended in with Protestantism perspective. This socialized versus graceless and Christian versus Pagan perspectives uncover themselves since the commencement of U. S. instruction. Local Americans In the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, Native Americans were conceded citizenship by the relatives of European migrants who attacked their region more than 400 years back. In the years when 1924, Native Americans have encountered social slaughter, deculturalization, and disavowal of training (Spring, 2010, pp. 8-9). For instance, the Naturalization Act of 1790 rejected Native Americans from citizenship, in this manner keeping them from having a political voice in their quickly evolving world. In 1867, the Indian Peace Commission made 2 necessities for U. S. citizenship: 1) dismissal of local religions and 2) acknowledgment of white collar class American Christianity. The bases of a way of thinking that utilizes prevalence and mediocrity incorporate racial, etymological and social contrasts. For European American teachers, the â€Å"civilizing† of Native Americans incorporated the introducing of a hard working attitude, the making of want to collect property; the restraint of delight, especially sexual joy; the foundation of a family unit structure with the dad in charge; the usage of dictator youngster raising practices; and change to Christianity (p. 14). The U. S. government’s program of Native American deculturalization was created partially on the grounds that it was less expensive than battling and murdering them. Thomas Jefferson’s human progress program called for government specialists to set up schools to instruct ladies to turn and sew and men cultivating and farming (p. 18). Instructive strategies, for example, this set up for buying land and keeping away from expensive wars. In 1830, the Indian Removal Act approved the President to put aside lands west of the Mississippi for trade of Indian Land east of the Mississippi (p. 28). Social natural hypothesis places Native Americans in the classification of automatic minorities. They were vanquished and constrained into European American traditions and convictions. Supplanting the utilization of local dialects with English, decimating Indian traditions and instructing faithfulness to the U. S. government became major instructive approaches of the U. S. government toward Indians in the last piece of the nineteenth century. A significant piece of these instructive approaches was the all inclusive school intended to expel kids from their families at an early age and in this way detach them from the language and customs of their folks and clans (p. 32). The Carlisle Indian School in Carlisle, PA turned into the principal all inclusive school for Native American kids in 1879. Here deculturalization strategies were utilized. From this strategy and point of view, the disparaging term social hardship has come to infer that a gathering is without culture through and through (Nieto and Bode, 2008, p. 176). One of the apparent lacks of Native Americans was their affinity to share which made the European Americans name them as communists which was an abomination to the predominant group’s theory. Richard Pratt, the organizer of the Carlisle School, looked to ingrain independence and self duty so as to break Indians from a communist style of sharing. All boarding and reservation schools instructed in English with exemptions including some Choctaw and Cherokee schools that used bilingual training. In 1928, the Meriam Report turned around the way of thinking that disconnection of youngsters was required. The new view was that instruction ought to happen in one’s family and network. Quite a few years after the fact, from 1968 to 1990, various authoritative acts tended to the errors of deculturalization. It was not until 1974 that Indian understudies were allowed opportunity of religion and culture by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Afterward, in 1978, Congress conceded every Native American strict opportunity. The Native American Languages Act of 1990 submits the U. S. government to turn around its notable position which was to eradicate and supplant Native American culture. In any case, the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 turns around endeavors to protect use of minority dialects (Spring, 2010, p. 135). The demolition of social self assurance for Native American Indians is disheartening. By breaking their association with their local culture through revised instruction camps, European Americans advocated a world view that saw shade of skin and authoritative opinion as reference points of prevalence. African Americans. Truly, Africans have been automatic foreigners who were brought to the U. S. to be slaves. They have confronted various types of instructive mistreatment dependent on saw racial contrasts. For instance, from 1800 to 1835, training of oppressed Africans was prohibited. Spring takes note of that manor proprietors were in consistent dread of slave revolts and thus denied their laborers any type of training (p. 43). Moreover, on account of the requirement for youngsters as homestead workers, grower opposed most endeavors to extend instructive open doors for dark kids (p. 57). Schools for African Americans were underfunded after the Civil War (Nieto and Bode, 2008, p. 44). Isolation of blacks and whites was the request for the day for the majority of the nineteenth and twentieth hundreds of years. This brought about a racial partition, inconsistent school subsidizing, and sub-par offices. An exemption to isolated tutoring happened in 1855 in Massachusetts when it turned into a prerequisite to incorporate schools. In 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment incorporated a condition that seemed to forbid isolation. Anyway this proviso has been utilized to execute isolation in schools too. African Americans from northern states helped those in the progress from bondage to opportunity. Anyway there was a division between the methods of reasoning of Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois. Washington haggled for isolated schools while Du Bois, in 1909, shaped the National Association of Colored People (NAACP) which worked for integration (Spring, 2010, p. 52). Washington built up the Tuskegee Institute in 1881 in the wake of going to the Hampton Institute which was established by General Samuel Armstrong. The Hampton Institute was an instructive model intended to keep blacks subordinate. The basic role of the Tuskegee Institute was to get ready liberated captives to be educators who could impart work esteems in other liberated slaves (p. 33). The Tuskegee Institute got support from Industrialist Andrew Carnegie who saw the politically-sanctioned racial segregation model in South Africa as a configuration for instructing dark southerners. On the other hand, Du Bois and the NAACP battled against the state of affairs of a lasting African American underclass in instruction and the economy (p. 62). It was not until 1954 that the Supreme Court decided that isolated schools were unlawful in Brown v. Leading group of Education. The court decided that different however equivalent has no spot in instruction. The different however equivalent enactment was from the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. Title 6 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, set up the point of reference for utilizing payment of government cash as a methods for controlling instructive approaches (p. 117). Furthermore, much credit is given to Martin Luther King Jr. for helping push ahead social liberties enactment of 1964. The Voting Rights Act and the Civil Rights Act, during the 1950s and 1960s individually, gave African Americans political fairness just as the option to cast a ballot. African Americans have made critical gains in the previous 100 years; notwithstanding, the pace of progress has been horrendously moderate. The appointment of a section African American President is a solid sign that we as a nation have made some amazing progress. Hispanic/Latino Americans After the victory of Mexican and Puerto Rican lands, the U. S. government initiated deculturalization projects to guarantee that these new populaces would not ascend against their new government (p. 84). Likewise with different gatherings, the Naturalization Act of 1790 blocked them from accomplishing citizenship since they were not white. In spite of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1948, Mexican Americans were not given genuine citizenship. Citizenship rights were compressed all through the Southwest through l

The Hobbit Essay Thesis Example For Students

The Hobbit Essay Thesis Hobbit Essay The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkien is set in a dreamland that has contrasts, just as similitudes, to our own reality. The creator has made the books world, Middle Earth, by utilizing creative mind, yet by likewise including subtleties from the cutting edge world. Practical components in the book empower perusers to identify with the setting, yet can envision energizing occasions and life forms not found on Earth. Most of contrasts between Middle Earth and todays world are found in objects and the activities of characters that can not be completed or made in our reality. The most bounteous case of this in The Hobbit is the nearness of enchantment. Gandalf, the wizard, can enable the swashbucklers to out of various risky circumstances by utilizing his supernatural forces to hurt their foes. He set Wargs ablaze while he was caught in a tree and made an electrical jolt to execute huge numbers of the Goblins who had encircled the gathering in a cavern. The enchanted ring, which was a vital aspect for helping the gathering prevail in the book, permitted he who was wearing it to get imperceptible to other people. Likewise, there was a dark stream in Mirkwood that made he who drank out of it abruptly languid and absent minded of past occasions. These instances of happenings and articles found in Middle Earth are genuinely outlandish in a world, for example, our own. A few of the life forms in the book are not known to exist on Earth. Hobbits, obviously, are anecdotal characters, as are dwarves, mythical beings, trolls, and trolls. Numerous types of creatures can vocally speak with people and dwarves in the novel, which is unimaginable on our planet. Beorn, a human who can transform into different animals at a moment, is a magnificent case of such fiction. The mythical beast, Smaug, is the fundamental foe of the fourteen explorers and is a sort of animal that has for some time been utilized in dream composing. Albeit the vast majority of the characters species are only manifestations of the creator, they all show a feeling of authenticity that makes them appear to be practically human. There is a tremendous distinction between Middle Earth and the advanced world, yet there are likewise a few likenesses. In Middle Earth, there live people, and hobbits, which are a lot of like smaller than usual individuals. The language verbally expressed and food devoured in the books world are found in present day society. Likewise, the way that Thorin Oakenshield is beneficiary of the seat of the King under the Mountain and acquires the entirety of the wealth of the realm resembles the parliamentary arrangement of England. The earth and landscape the gathering goes through on their experience is basically equivalent to lands unaltered by people and encompassed commonly show up today. In the novel, there are woods with miles of trees, high, rough mountains, and streaming waterways similarly as there are here on Earth. It is unimaginable that a dream story, for example, The Hobbit could happen, all things considered. In any case, I do accept that dream can viably show us reality. There are ethics, exercises, and topics to be found inside the content that can assist us with picking up information and live our lives all the more gainfully. Bilbo Baggins stood firm and raised enough mental fortitude to accomplish something he had never thought of doing, going on an extraordinary experience. This decision caused Bilbo to pick up continuance, boldness, an energy about his life, and numerous important encounters that made him a more astute individual. Thorins narrow minded demonstration of not having any desire to impart the mythical beasts wealth to different towns residents made just awful occasions happen. .u6bc9d0bad33152f5cd1b8bb7bac8e896 , .u6bc9d0bad33152f5cd1b8bb7bac8e896 .postImageUrl , .u6bc9d0bad33152f5cd1b8bb7bac8e896 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u6bc9d0bad33152f5cd1b8bb7bac8e896 , .u6bc9d0bad33152f5cd1b8bb7bac8e896:hover , .u6bc9d0bad33152f5cd1b8bb7bac8e896:visited , .u6bc9d0bad33152f5cd1b8bb7bac8e896:active { border:0!important; } .u6bc9d0bad33152f5cd1b8bb7bac8e896 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u6bc9d0bad33152f5cd1b8bb7bac8e896 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u6bc9d0bad33152f5cd1b8bb7bac8e896:active , .u6bc9d0bad33152f5cd1b8bb7bac8e896:hover { mistiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u6bc9d0bad33152f5cd1b8bb7bac8e896 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .u6bc9d0bad33152f5cd1b8bb7bac8e896 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .u6bc9d0bad33152f5cd1b8bb7bac8e896 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u6bc9d0bad33152f5cd1b8bb7bac8e896 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6bc9d0bad33152f5cd1b8bb7bac8e896:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } . u6bc9d0bad33152f5cd1b8bb7bac8e896 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u6bc9d0bad33152f5cd1b8bb7bac8e896-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u6bc9d0bad33152f5cd1b8bb7bac8e896:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Holocaust (2127 words) Essay This instructs us that thoughtfulness and providing for others won't just advantage them, yet will likewise make you feel progressively content inside. At the point when the gathering of fourteen was remaining with Beorn to rest, he gave them recommendations and data about the excursion that lie in front of them. He educated them about a dark stream out of which they ought to never drink, regardless of how parched they might be, for it would take care of them for quite a long time. On the off chance that they

Citation of Error Analysis Essay

html http://www. accentsasia. organization/1-2/kato. pdf . G o g l e html . Page 1 Volume 1 Number 2 October 2006 Accents Asia 1 Citation Kato, A. (2006). Blunder investigation of secondary school understudy articles. Accents Asia [Online], 1 (2), 1-13. Accessible: http://www. accentsasia. organization/1-2/kato. pdf Error Analysis of High School Student Essays Asako Kato Fudooka Seiwa High School IntroductionEver since the presentation of oral correspondence into the school educational plan in 1989, talking has drawn consideration as a significant aptitude for Japanese understudies to ace. An assortment of talking and listening rehearses have been tested inside secondary school English classes. Composing has likewise been incorporated as a broad practice. The 2003 update of the Course of Study accentuates â€Å"writing† as a vehicle of correspondence to pass on messages as indicated by the reason and the circumstance (MEXT, 2003).However, in a large number of the college place ment test arranged secondary schools, composing classes are adjusted into punctuation focused classes; as it were, the understudies are acquainted with composing short sentences dependent on the structures or the language structure focuses they are educated, and odds of composing powerful articles are restricted (Minegishi, 2005). The facts confirm that punctuation preparing is required for exact creation, yet it is a test to instruct how to compose articles or even passages inside the accessible homeroom hours, with the exemption maybe of some unknown dialect elective courses in select high schools.Under these conditions, the English Composition Division of the Saitama Senior High School English Education and Research Association has composing challenges, to urge understudies to test their English information and to improve their creation aptitudes through composition. The challenge comprises of two areas: an interpretation segment and a paper composing Page 2 Volume 1 Number 2 Oct ober 2006 Accents Asia 2 segment. In the article segment the members are given themes and expected to compose their conclusions in around 200 words. They have 80 minutes to take a shot at interpretation and exposition writing.The interpretation sentences are relegated by level, however the article point is the equivalent for all. The interpretation part is stamped and reviewed by Japanese educators; the papers are assessed by ALTs (Assistant Language Teachers) as indicated by three measures: inventiveness, association and sentence structure. The victors are picked relying upon the complete purposes of the two segments. In this paper, I will reveal some insight into the expositions and examine them with a view towards distinguishing issues understudies have, which will give proof of how English is found out and what systems understudies are utilizing to develop their essays.The essential focal point of this paper is on sentence structure recorded as a hard copy not imagination and as sociation, however some educational recommendations for instructing and learning are additionally referenced. Techniques The information broke down for this examination are mistakes in students’ papers written in an exposition rivalry held in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. In this challenge, the members were given the point, â€Å"If you were to meet a VIP, who might you want to meet? What might you want to ask him/her? What might you want to do with him/her? The mistakes in the papers were ordered dependent on Ferris’ (2005) Analysis Model (Fig. 1). Her â€Å"Common ESL composing errors† fall into four classifications; morphological blunders, lexical mistakes, syntactic blunders, and mechanical blunders. This model depends on the â€Å"Description of the significant blunder categories† (Fig. 2), which covers action word mistakes, thing finishing blunders, article mistakes, word wrong, and sentence structure (p. 92). As indicated by James (1998), a blunder i nvestigation model must be â€Å"well-grown, exceptionally expounded, and self-explanatory† (p. 95). Ferris’ model satisfies these needs.With this framework it is anything but difficult to distinguish worldwide and nearby blunders (Burt and Kiparsky, 1972, refered to in James, 1998) which I added to Ferris’ model of significant mistakes in Figure 1. Worldwide blunders are significant blunders in sentence structure, which makes a sentence troublesome or difficult to comprehend, though neighborhood mistakes are minor errors, which don't cause issues of appreciation. In Ferris’ characterization, syntactic mistakes are viewed as worldwide blunders. Mechanical and lexical missteps, then again, are nearby blunders. Morphological blunders can be worldwide mistakes, Page 3Volume 1 Number 2 October 2006 Accents Asia 3 yet when they don't block readers’ comprehension of the substance they are neighborhood mistakes. Figure 1 Common ESL Writing Errors dependen t on Ferris’(2005) Model Morphological Errors > worldwide/nearby blunders Verbs: Tense, From, Subject-action word understanding Nouns: Articles/determiners, Noun endings (plural/possessive) Lexical Errors > neighborhood mistakes Word decision, Word structure, Informal use, Idiom blunder, Pronoun mistake Syntactic Errors > worldwide mistakes Sentence structure, Run-ons, Fragments Mechanical > nearby errorsPunctuation, Spelling, Capitalization* * â€Å"Capitalization† is included this investigation. Figure 2 Description of significant mistake classifications (Ferris, 2005) Verb blunders All mistakes in action word tense or structure, including important subject-action word understanding blunders. Thing finishing mistakes Plural or dynamic consummation inaccurate, precluded, or superfluous; incorporates pertinent subject-action word understanding blunders Article blunders Article or other determiner erroneous, discarded, or pointless Word wrong All particular lexical blunders in word decision or word structure, including relational word and pronoun errors.Spelling mistakes possibly included if the (evident) incorrect spelling brought about a genuine English word. Sentence structure Errors in sentence/condition boundaries(run-ons, parts, comma joins), word request, precluded words or expressions, pointless words or expressions; other unidiomatic sentence development. Members The expositions broke down for this examination were composed by 148 secondary school understudies: 46 first year understudies, 58 second year understudies, and 44 third year understudies; 48 guys and 100 females. The participants’ secondary schools comprised of twenty state funded schools and two private schools.Most of these Page 4 Volume 1 Number 2 October 2006 Accents Asia 4 schools are considered â€Å"academic† secondary schools in that they get ready understudies for college tests, which implies the understudies will in general be profoundly energ etic and are required to have the option to use their English punctuation, structure information and jargon recorded as a hard copy. System All mistakes were checked and grouped. They were first arranged into worldwide blunders or neighborhood mistakes. The action word related blunders were considered as â€Å"verb errors†, in this way, they were viewed as morphological errors.However, disarray in the utilization of transitive/intransitive action words was viewed as a worldwide syntactic mistake since it influences the entire sentence structure. Additionally, tense blunders were foreseen in light of the fact that the article theme â€Å"If you were to meet a celebrity†¦? † probably requires the utilization of the contingent. For whatever length of time that the blunders didn't meddle with the comprehension of the sentence, they were placed into tense mistakes, I. e. , morphological mistakes. It was at times hard to adhere to a meaningful boundary between lexical b lunders and mechanical mistakes; that is, regardless of whether the word is an off-base decision or essentially a spelling mistake.If the word had a different importance however exists as a word, at that point it was treated as lexical blunder; else, it was set apart as a mechanical mistake. Be that as it may, if a wrong word decision disturbs the significance in the entire sentence, it was viewed as a syntactic mistake. To put it plainly, the choice of blunder grouping relies upon each sentence. Concerning rehashed mechanical mistakes in a similar sentence, I. e. , spelling errors, accentuation, and capitalization, the different mix-ups were considered one. Discoveries and Discussion First of all, not all blunders were effectively arranged: some went past and over the categories.In each case, mistakes were deliberately recognized and characterized by the reality of the issue. On the off chance that one significant mistake included other minor blunders, at that point together they w ere viewed as a significant mistake. For instance, a sentence â€Å"*And, I need to *go to abroad, for example, the UK, the US, *French, *Australlia thus on† was classified as one syntactic mistake on the grounds that the abuse of action word and verb modifier (go to abroad) causes sentence dispersion, despite the fact that this sentence included one lexical blunder Page 5 Volume 1 Number 2 October 2006 Accents Asia 5 (French) and one mechanical blunder (Australlia).Secondly, a risk with arrangements of â€Å"common† ESL/EFL mistakes, as Ferris (2005) herself calls attention to, is that they might be over-summed up to all understudies. Obviously, singular understudies have diverse language abilities and learning attributes; for instance, one understudy continually precluded articles and another understudy befuddled tense of action words all through her paper. Despite the fact that the measurements give a general image of the issues, these don't make a difference to eac h understudy. While remembering these contemplations, the insights give fascinating information.The complete number of mistakes was 1518 (596 out of 46 first year papers, 491 out of 58 second year expositions, and 431 out of 44 third year article). The normal number of mistakes per understudy was 13. 5 for the principal year understudies, 11. 2 for the second year understudies, and 9. 8 for the third year understudies. Thinking about the short length of the paper, these were not little numbers, in spite of the fact that the normal number of blunders diminished by the students’ year in school. As an aggregate, syntactic blunders overwhelmed the rest at 29%, trailed by lexical mistakes (21%), morphological blunders in things and mechanical blunders (18%), and morphological blunders (14%).According to the school year, the most widely recognized mistakes saw in first year papers were lexical mistakes, which involved 24% of the aggregate, while syntactic blunders included most mis takes in second an

The experience of being a woman - Literature Essay Samples

The Buddha of Suburbia is a novel written by Hanif Kureishi in 1990, which tells the story of a young man, named Karim Amir. Karim was born in England, as he describes himself in the book, â€Å"I am an Englishman born and bred, almost.† He is the son of an Indian father and an English mother. This book has an extremely accurate timeline, it is set in the 1970’s, and narrates the English cultural changes together along with the characters’ experiences, as the transition from the peaceful 1960’s to the revolted 1970’s, from the end of the hippie era to the start of the glamorous era, and the birth of the punk movement. However, one of the remarking things this novel shows are the diverse characters’ personalities. Kureishi managed to create unique and very distinctive characters, each one of them representing their culture. In my opinion, the most interesting of all, are women. Luckily, in this novel, we are able to see many female characters, and all of them are very different from one another. Their experiences as women are diverse and from very different perspectives. For instance, Eva Kay and Margaret Amir are two women like chalk and cheese, but they have one thing in common: they have the same love interest. Eva Kay is a middle-aged woman who was born in England, but has the lifestyle of an Indian one. When she had breast cancer, one of her breasts had to be removed and she lost her willingness to live. Her husband often beat her and the two of them were sexually inactive, so, when she meets Karim’s father, Haroon, in a â€Å"writing for pleasure† class, she finds a true friend who helps her win her desire to live back. Eva convinces Haroon to leave his job and start giving Buddhist meditation and yoga classes, providing him clients. Eva finds out that she enjoys spending her time with Indian people, so she organizes meditation classes at her own house. The first one she organizes, she invites Haroon to teach, and they end up having sexual relations. Their relationship starts as an affair, although both are in love with each other. Moreover, Haroon is so attracted by her and the fact that they share the same interest in Eastern Philosophy that he decides to break up his marriage with Margaret and leave his family to live with Eva. She wins Karim’s heart, and he starts seeing her as a mother. She helps him to get into college and afterwards encourages him to try the acting career. She is extremely supportive towards him and, in my opinion, Eva looks more after Karim than she does after her own son, Charlie. Nevertheless, she is very supportive of her son too, wanting him to be successful at all cost because she feels he deserves it truly. She has a very exciting life, combining mysticism, alcohol, sexual promise, clever people and drugs. Haroon falls in love with her due to her personality and enthusiasm. Eva also desires social mobility as does Haroon, mostly through his associations with Eva; Haroons own social goals are slightly more ambiguous, but he and Eva function socially as a unit and she directs them upward. Eva seems to be a bit of a social climber. She represents, in a sense, enlightenment as she lives her very exciting life, luring artists and intellectuals into her circle. Her personality seems to engender many changes in her life, and one was, for instance, to move from the suburbs to London. She felt like she needed an upgrade on her living situation, since she wanted to obtain success. Once they arrive, they move to an area where many important people live, and she decides to invite several of them and make her seem like an influential woman. Furthermore, after redecorating and improving the look of their flat, she begins working as an interior designer for other people, and that makes her integrate in higher classes, which was her first aim once they moved to London. Evas character represents changing social mores, as she is not the conventional English woman society would expect in the 1970’s. She is extroverted, mysterious, attractive, very imaginative, and has no shame of herself. She also exceeds the limits of what is normal, she is a very modern woman to her era, caring about prestige and enjoying life, as well as the falling away of boundaries between parent and child demonstrated in her way of being a completely open-minded parent with Charlie as well as with Karim. Eva is a woman with many ideas of how to spend life and how to help other people, but she is also interested in some more superficial aspects of life as it is social status and reputation. On the other hand, there is a completely different character, named Margaret Amir. She is Karims mother, and Haroon’s wife. She is a very shy, hard-working and compliant person. As Kureishi describes her, â€Å"a plump and unphysical woman with a pale round face and kind brown eyes† (Kureishi, 1991). Although she was born in England, she took over the Indian traditions because of her marriage with Haroon. She is a very submissive and compliant woman. She would put her family first always, and she is the one in charge of keeping her family together. A proof of this is her job in a shoe shop to finance Allie’s school, who wants to become a ballet dancer. Although she is aware of her husband’s extra-marital affair with Eva, she makes no mention of it whatsoever. However, she expresses her pain and deepest feelings by drawing pictures and writing a personal diary. When Haroon leaves her, she utterly comes undone. The reason it is so devastating to her when Haroon leaves is because her sole identity was as a wife and mother, even if she was unhappy in the role. She stays with Ted and Jean and withdraws from daily life, which means that she fails at trying to cope with her problems. She spends several days without getting up from her bed nor eating any food after the separation, assuming her life was over. She not only felt that she lost Haroon, but Karim too, as he was aware of the affair and betrayed her by not telling her. Also, Karim grew a lot closer to Eva, and in a way replaced Margaret with her. Fortuitously for her, in the end, she is able to deal with her past and the previous events. She learns to be happy again and she even starts a new life with her boyfriend Jimmy, which makes Haroon regret or at least doubt the decision of leaving her for Eva, especially after finding out that he is an Englishman and has not the same traditions and interests that he has. We can define Margaret as a sympathetic character stuck in an unhappy marriage. She has a weak personality, but starts to become more confident after she recovers from the painful divorce. She also re-casts herself after she is abandoned by Haroon, both in her appearance and in her attitude to life. Ultimately, the divorce proves to be an advantage, as she is able, once she recovers from the devastation of the failed marriage, to find happiness as an individual, and love herself the way she is. Still, Margaret is, in fact, what we can define as a typical English woman of that period. Even though the 1970’s were an era of many changes and positive improvements for the feminine gender, several women were used to do things in a certain old-fashioned way, like being the ones who took care of the house, raising their children with conservative values, not talking about sex, alcohol, or drugs with them (something Eva was keen on doing regularly), having a regular job, and accepting that their major success in life would be to get married and have children, and after that, they would be their only duty. That is exactly how, in my point of view, Margaret is and intends herself to be. She is a conservative and serious woman, who does not believe in her own happiness above her family’s. Fortunately, she learned to give more credit to herself and accept herself in the way she is, and be happy again. To sum up, these two women are the perfect depictions of two completely different women living in the same era. In the one hand, there is Eva, whose goals and achievements are to make herself an excellent reputation and win prestige, even if that means leaving the quiet life in the suburbs and move to a more noisy London. And, on the other hand, there is Margaret, whose goal in life is to get married and have children, and never think of having to leave the suburbs, because life is simple the way it is there. They are also different in several other things, for instance, their way of loving. While Margaret is a typical wife who shows her love by her daily actions, Eva is a much more passionate and sexual individual. Moreover, as it was previously mentioned, their way of parenting is completely different, and while Margaret is closed-minded, Eva is the complete opposite. Last but not least, differences are also found in the purpose of their job; Eva started working to make a name for herself while Margaret started working in order to pay her son’s education. Hanif Kureishi succeeded in describing two types of women (along with many more in the book) who coexisted in the same era despite their differences, and helped to show a more unique and varied society.

The Organic Management Hewlett-Packard - Free Essay Example

THE ORGANIC MANAGEMENT Dave Packard and Bill Hewlett built their dream – the Hewlett-Packard Company in 1939. Their greatest contribution was not the product that is the core of any business. Rather it was their management style that revolutionized the entry of HP into the American business scene. Their strategy placed their people at the core of their business. They did not believe in the conventional hire-fire policy of the Americans. Even in the 1980s, when the businesses were reeling under the economic burden, HP chose to retain its people by implementing the 4 work days in a week policy which was one of its kind in the history of business. The employees were given the opportunity to innovate and grow within the organisation. They adopted a slow growth policy unlike the other American companies. The growth of the company was phenomenal. On observing the HP way closely, we can understand that the theory underlying here is theory Z. Though it was formulated decades after HP articulated its wa y, the characteristics of HP way can be matched accurately with the theory. Theory Z was the latest addition to the humanistic traditions in management at the time it was propagated. It was built on the foundation laid by Douglas McGregor’s theory X and theory Y. Hence, theory Z is nothing but derived of the best of both X and Y. Theory X is typically an ancient approach to management. It can be considered as the basis of each of the enterprises that came into being since the primitive ages. People are inherently reluctant to work and that the only stimulating factor is punishment. This could be thought as the basis of all sorts of labour and in the extremes- slavery as well. When men are required to work for the builders, all they were doing is prevent punishment. Infliction of pain the dread arising from that thought was the sole driving force to finish the tasks. Pain can be considered in a broader sense here. It could be either the physical pain inflicted on inability to meet the requirements or the pain induced after losing the means of livelihood. This is one extreme of the theory. To give another case that we can relate to, theory X is in play wherever there is a threat of losing their jobs in case of underperformance. Daily wage earners, contract workers and many others working in the unorganised sectors fall in this range. It is an undisputable fact that this produced results. In most of the cases the results were most desirable- from the most talked about monuments to the insignificant routine jobs in an obscure factory. It is in thin context that a few revolutionary thinkers like Elton Mayo came up with their humanistic ideas. To test the same, they conceptualised and implemented the Hawthorne experiments at the Western Electric Company. The most interesting fact about the experiments was that the results were positive irrespective of the kind of stimulus given. For instance in the illumination experiment, merely being chosen amongst a test group itself was sufficient enough to drive the productivity of an individual to the peak. So we can effectively conclude that recognition is what each person strives for. In the present industrial scene, there is indeed a different measurement of the desirable end result. The world has redefined the term desirable for all. Now, there is a drastic shift to the human side of labour from the material gains to business. The mental and physical well-being of the employee is the prime consideration in most companies. This shift in attitude can be attributed not just to the changing industrial climate, but also to the social, political and economic changes in the world. Employee has now found himself at the heart of the process. In this backdrop, one can analyse the counter theory to X, which is called theory Y. This was the soft approach to management. Here, we believe that the employee wants to work for the love of work itself. This theory puts primary focus on self-direction an d initiative rather than a company-driven perspective to work. This focusses more on the reward system in order to boost the morale of the employee and there by better productivity. McGregor mentions a few ways in which theory Y was applied in the industries. For instance, IBM had successfully carried out their decentralisation and deregulation process during this era. Another concept that came into being during this time was Management by Objectives formulated by Peter Drucker. Hence an alignment of the individual aspirations with that of the company became important. The employees would start identifying themselves as part of the organisation. Drawing parallels from the American and the Japanese systems of management one can easily fit certain characteristics of theory X and Y in the big picture. The American system had mostly the characteristics of theory X. They treated their employees solely from a mechanised perspective. Ouchi used the term theory A to describe the Ameri can way of management. It was more mechanistic in nature. The major characteristics were short-term employment, clearly defined career progression, rapid evaluation system, rigid control, and individual decision making. The Japanese management system, which was termed theory J by Ouchi, believed in collective processes. There was a â€Å"moral cohesion† amongst the team members. The defining characteristics of theory J were the collective decision making process, wholistic view, slow growth and advancement, and life-time employment. The stark contrasts in the characteristics of theories A and J roots in the varied socio-political environments in the respective countries. In a study during the 1970s it was found that the American companies fared better in automated production processes than the rest of the world. But in semi-automated industries Japan topped the world. Japan had a more peaceful industrial relations climate as well. The industries started focussing on imp lementation of the best of Japanese management to the American scene to create a more employee friendly industrial climate. The result of this was theory Z. Theory Z incorporates the best of both the practices. It emphasizes on long term employment, contrast to theory A and slightly different from the life-time employment concept of theory J. It includes individual decision making as opposed to that of Japanese management. Ouchi defines â€Å"trust, subtlety and intimacy† as the core values in the culture Z. In essence the meanings are derived extensively from the theories, but one cannot equate Z and the others. Ouchi calls his theory the organic way of managing and this was popularised during the Asian economic boom in 1980s. The implementation of this theory aims at maximising employee involvement, satisfaction, loyalty and productivity. Speaking of theory Z and its impact on the Indian context, we can see that the manufacturing segment operates with more of theory Y where as other newer industries like IT and other services focusses on Theory Z. One can observe this dichotomy in cases of Multinational engineering companies operating in the country. During my stint with ABB Ltd., I was put in a manufacturing facility in the outskirts of Bangalore. But I worked in a global IT team located there. So each day, the shop-floor visit and my workstation gave me experiences that were worlds apart. The manufacturing line had operators who had completed, 10-25 years of experience supervising the contract workers, where as I worked with a team of age group 22-35 years. The manufacturing segment in India being dominated by Trade Unions take collective decisions and there is hardly any attrition except among contract workers. Whereas the IT professionals have to make individual decisions and are strictly monitored and evaluated by their deliverables as a team and also as an individual. There has been a shift to theory Z in the recent years, where apprais als and rewards are incorporated right from the bottom to top of the hierarchy. It is quite palpable in the industrial scene in India. The MNCs have shifted their focus to a more employee engaging and friendly approach. But are the desirable results made? It is obvious that in the present market scenario, the competition is intense and loyalty has taken a backseat. Ultimately the theories aim at alignment of the long term goals of both the company and the individual. The concept of ‘long term’ is long gone from the world. The goals are short term and so are the forecasts. This could be observed in the case of the HP way as well. Currently the company is plagued by unstable management, who is troubled with the style of functioning of the organisation. Though the latter CEOs tried to remove the employee centred ‘HP way’ from HP, it is often seen that they were forced to revise their decisions. Organisations are made of organic building blocks i.e. its people. Hence the organic way of managing, irrespective of the number of names attached to theories, will continue until organisations cease to exist. References Ezaki, Koechi. 1983. ‘The Implications of Theory Z for the Sociology of Organizations’. Mid-American Review of Sociology. Vol.8, No.2, pp 81-91. McGregor, Douglas. 1960. The Human Side of Enterprise. New York : McGraw-Hill. Mayo, Elton. 1930. ‘The Human Effect of Mechanisation’. The American Economic Review. Vol.20, No.1, pp 156-176. Ouchi, W. G. 1981. Theory Z: How American Business can meet the Japanese Challenge. Massachussets : Addison- Wesley. Packard, David. 1985. The HP Way. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.