The experience of being a woman - Literature Essay Samples

The Buddha of Suburbia is a novel written by Hanif Kureishi in 1990, which tells the story of a young man, named Karim Amir. Karim was born in England, as he describes himself in the book, â€Å"I am an Englishman born and bred, almost.† He is the son of an Indian father and an English mother. This book has an extremely accurate timeline, it is set in the 1970’s, and narrates the English cultural changes together along with the characters’ experiences, as the transition from the peaceful 1960’s to the revolted 1970’s, from the end of the hippie era to the start of the glamorous era, and the birth of the punk movement. However, one of the remarking things this novel shows are the diverse characters’ personalities. Kureishi managed to create unique and very distinctive characters, each one of them representing their culture. In my opinion, the most interesting of all, are women. Luckily, in this novel, we are able to see many female characters, and all of them are very different from one another. Their experiences as women are diverse and from very different perspectives. For instance, Eva Kay and Margaret Amir are two women like chalk and cheese, but they have one thing in common: they have the same love interest. Eva Kay is a middle-aged woman who was born in England, but has the lifestyle of an Indian one. When she had breast cancer, one of her breasts had to be removed and she lost her willingness to live. Her husband often beat her and the two of them were sexually inactive, so, when she meets Karim’s father, Haroon, in a â€Å"writing for pleasure† class, she finds a true friend who helps her win her desire to live back. Eva convinces Haroon to leave his job and start giving Buddhist meditation and yoga classes, providing him clients. Eva finds out that she enjoys spending her time with Indian people, so she organizes meditation classes at her own house. The first one she organizes, she invites Haroon to teach, and they end up having sexual relations. Their relationship starts as an affair, although both are in love with each other. Moreover, Haroon is so attracted by her and the fact that they share the same interest in Eastern Philosophy that he decides to break up his marriage with Margaret and leave his family to live with Eva. She wins Karim’s heart, and he starts seeing her as a mother. She helps him to get into college and afterwards encourages him to try the acting career. She is extremely supportive towards him and, in my opinion, Eva looks more after Karim than she does after her own son, Charlie. Nevertheless, she is very supportive of her son too, wanting him to be successful at all cost because she feels he deserves it truly. She has a very exciting life, combining mysticism, alcohol, sexual promise, clever people and drugs. Haroon falls in love with her due to her personality and enthusiasm. Eva also desires social mobility as does Haroon, mostly through his associations with Eva; Haroons own social goals are slightly more ambiguous, but he and Eva function socially as a unit and she directs them upward. Eva seems to be a bit of a social climber. She represents, in a sense, enlightenment as she lives her very exciting life, luring artists and intellectuals into her circle. Her personality seems to engender many changes in her life, and one was, for instance, to move from the suburbs to London. She felt like she needed an upgrade on her living situation, since she wanted to obtain success. Once they arrive, they move to an area where many important people live, and she decides to invite several of them and make her seem like an influential woman. Furthermore, after redecorating and improving the look of their flat, she begins working as an interior designer for other people, and that makes her integrate in higher classes, which was her first aim once they moved to London. Evas character represents changing social mores, as she is not the conventional English woman society would expect in the 1970’s. She is extroverted, mysterious, attractive, very imaginative, and has no shame of herself. She also exceeds the limits of what is normal, she is a very modern woman to her era, caring about prestige and enjoying life, as well as the falling away of boundaries between parent and child demonstrated in her way of being a completely open-minded parent with Charlie as well as with Karim. Eva is a woman with many ideas of how to spend life and how to help other people, but she is also interested in some more superficial aspects of life as it is social status and reputation. On the other hand, there is a completely different character, named Margaret Amir. She is Karims mother, and Haroon’s wife. She is a very shy, hard-working and compliant person. As Kureishi describes her, â€Å"a plump and unphysical woman with a pale round face and kind brown eyes† (Kureishi, 1991). Although she was born in England, she took over the Indian traditions because of her marriage with Haroon. She is a very submissive and compliant woman. She would put her family first always, and she is the one in charge of keeping her family together. A proof of this is her job in a shoe shop to finance Allie’s school, who wants to become a ballet dancer. Although she is aware of her husband’s extra-marital affair with Eva, she makes no mention of it whatsoever. However, she expresses her pain and deepest feelings by drawing pictures and writing a personal diary. When Haroon leaves her, she utterly comes undone. The reason it is so devastating to her when Haroon leaves is because her sole identity was as a wife and mother, even if she was unhappy in the role. She stays with Ted and Jean and withdraws from daily life, which means that she fails at trying to cope with her problems. She spends several days without getting up from her bed nor eating any food after the separation, assuming her life was over. She not only felt that she lost Haroon, but Karim too, as he was aware of the affair and betrayed her by not telling her. Also, Karim grew a lot closer to Eva, and in a way replaced Margaret with her. Fortuitously for her, in the end, she is able to deal with her past and the previous events. She learns to be happy again and she even starts a new life with her boyfriend Jimmy, which makes Haroon regret or at least doubt the decision of leaving her for Eva, especially after finding out that he is an Englishman and has not the same traditions and interests that he has. We can define Margaret as a sympathetic character stuck in an unhappy marriage. She has a weak personality, but starts to become more confident after she recovers from the painful divorce. She also re-casts herself after she is abandoned by Haroon, both in her appearance and in her attitude to life. Ultimately, the divorce proves to be an advantage, as she is able, once she recovers from the devastation of the failed marriage, to find happiness as an individual, and love herself the way she is. Still, Margaret is, in fact, what we can define as a typical English woman of that period. Even though the 1970’s were an era of many changes and positive improvements for the feminine gender, several women were used to do things in a certain old-fashioned way, like being the ones who took care of the house, raising their children with conservative values, not talking about sex, alcohol, or drugs with them (something Eva was keen on doing regularly), having a regular job, and accepting that their major success in life would be to get married and have children, and after that, they would be their only duty. That is exactly how, in my point of view, Margaret is and intends herself to be. She is a conservative and serious woman, who does not believe in her own happiness above her family’s. Fortunately, she learned to give more credit to herself and accept herself in the way she is, and be happy again. To sum up, these two women are the perfect depictions of two completely different women living in the same era. In the one hand, there is Eva, whose goals and achievements are to make herself an excellent reputation and win prestige, even if that means leaving the quiet life in the suburbs and move to a more noisy London. And, on the other hand, there is Margaret, whose goal in life is to get married and have children, and never think of having to leave the suburbs, because life is simple the way it is there. They are also different in several other things, for instance, their way of loving. While Margaret is a typical wife who shows her love by her daily actions, Eva is a much more passionate and sexual individual. Moreover, as it was previously mentioned, their way of parenting is completely different, and while Margaret is closed-minded, Eva is the complete opposite. Last but not least, differences are also found in the purpose of their job; Eva started working to make a name for herself while Margaret started working in order to pay her son’s education. Hanif Kureishi succeeded in describing two types of women (along with many more in the book) who coexisted in the same era despite their differences, and helped to show a more unique and varied society.

The Organic Management Hewlett-Packard - Free Essay Example

THE ORGANIC MANAGEMENT Dave Packard and Bill Hewlett built their dream – the Hewlett-Packard Company in 1939. Their greatest contribution was not the product that is the core of any business. Rather it was their management style that revolutionized the entry of HP into the American business scene. Their strategy placed their people at the core of their business. They did not believe in the conventional hire-fire policy of the Americans. Even in the 1980s, when the businesses were reeling under the economic burden, HP chose to retain its people by implementing the 4 work days in a week policy which was one of its kind in the history of business. The employees were given the opportunity to innovate and grow within the organisation. They adopted a slow growth policy unlike the other American companies. The growth of the company was phenomenal. On observing the HP way closely, we can understand that the theory underlying here is theory Z. Though it was formulated decades after HP articulated its wa y, the characteristics of HP way can be matched accurately with the theory. Theory Z was the latest addition to the humanistic traditions in management at the time it was propagated. It was built on the foundation laid by Douglas McGregor’s theory X and theory Y. Hence, theory Z is nothing but derived of the best of both X and Y. Theory X is typically an ancient approach to management. It can be considered as the basis of each of the enterprises that came into being since the primitive ages. People are inherently reluctant to work and that the only stimulating factor is punishment. This could be thought as the basis of all sorts of labour and in the extremes- slavery as well. When men are required to work for the builders, all they were doing is prevent punishment. Infliction of pain the dread arising from that thought was the sole driving force to finish the tasks. Pain can be considered in a broader sense here. It could be either the physical pain inflicted on inability to meet the requirements or the pain induced after losing the means of livelihood. This is one extreme of the theory. To give another case that we can relate to, theory X is in play wherever there is a threat of losing their jobs in case of underperformance. Daily wage earners, contract workers and many others working in the unorganised sectors fall in this range. It is an undisputable fact that this produced results. In most of the cases the results were most desirable- from the most talked about monuments to the insignificant routine jobs in an obscure factory. It is in thin context that a few revolutionary thinkers like Elton Mayo came up with their humanistic ideas. To test the same, they conceptualised and implemented the Hawthorne experiments at the Western Electric Company. The most interesting fact about the experiments was that the results were positive irrespective of the kind of stimulus given. For instance in the illumination experiment, merely being chosen amongst a test group itself was sufficient enough to drive the productivity of an individual to the peak. So we can effectively conclude that recognition is what each person strives for. In the present industrial scene, there is indeed a different measurement of the desirable end result. The world has redefined the term desirable for all. Now, there is a drastic shift to the human side of labour from the material gains to business. The mental and physical well-being of the employee is the prime consideration in most companies. This shift in attitude can be attributed not just to the changing industrial climate, but also to the social, political and economic changes in the world. Employee has now found himself at the heart of the process. In this backdrop, one can analyse the counter theory to X, which is called theory Y. This was the soft approach to management. Here, we believe that the employee wants to work for the love of work itself. This theory puts primary focus on self-direction an d initiative rather than a company-driven perspective to work. This focusses more on the reward system in order to boost the morale of the employee and there by better productivity. McGregor mentions a few ways in which theory Y was applied in the industries. For instance, IBM had successfully carried out their decentralisation and deregulation process during this era. Another concept that came into being during this time was Management by Objectives formulated by Peter Drucker. Hence an alignment of the individual aspirations with that of the company became important. The employees would start identifying themselves as part of the organisation. Drawing parallels from the American and the Japanese systems of management one can easily fit certain characteristics of theory X and Y in the big picture. The American system had mostly the characteristics of theory X. They treated their employees solely from a mechanised perspective. Ouchi used the term theory A to describe the Ameri can way of management. It was more mechanistic in nature. The major characteristics were short-term employment, clearly defined career progression, rapid evaluation system, rigid control, and individual decision making. The Japanese management system, which was termed theory J by Ouchi, believed in collective processes. There was a â€Å"moral cohesion† amongst the team members. The defining characteristics of theory J were the collective decision making process, wholistic view, slow growth and advancement, and life-time employment. The stark contrasts in the characteristics of theories A and J roots in the varied socio-political environments in the respective countries. In a study during the 1970s it was found that the American companies fared better in automated production processes than the rest of the world. But in semi-automated industries Japan topped the world. Japan had a more peaceful industrial relations climate as well. The industries started focussing on imp lementation of the best of Japanese management to the American scene to create a more employee friendly industrial climate. The result of this was theory Z. Theory Z incorporates the best of both the practices. It emphasizes on long term employment, contrast to theory A and slightly different from the life-time employment concept of theory J. It includes individual decision making as opposed to that of Japanese management. Ouchi defines â€Å"trust, subtlety and intimacy† as the core values in the culture Z. In essence the meanings are derived extensively from the theories, but one cannot equate Z and the others. Ouchi calls his theory the organic way of managing and this was popularised during the Asian economic boom in 1980s. The implementation of this theory aims at maximising employee involvement, satisfaction, loyalty and productivity. Speaking of theory Z and its impact on the Indian context, we can see that the manufacturing segment operates with more of theory Y where as other newer industries like IT and other services focusses on Theory Z. One can observe this dichotomy in cases of Multinational engineering companies operating in the country. During my stint with ABB Ltd., I was put in a manufacturing facility in the outskirts of Bangalore. But I worked in a global IT team located there. So each day, the shop-floor visit and my workstation gave me experiences that were worlds apart. The manufacturing line had operators who had completed, 10-25 years of experience supervising the contract workers, where as I worked with a team of age group 22-35 years. The manufacturing segment in India being dominated by Trade Unions take collective decisions and there is hardly any attrition except among contract workers. Whereas the IT professionals have to make individual decisions and are strictly monitored and evaluated by their deliverables as a team and also as an individual. There has been a shift to theory Z in the recent years, where apprais als and rewards are incorporated right from the bottom to top of the hierarchy. It is quite palpable in the industrial scene in India. The MNCs have shifted their focus to a more employee engaging and friendly approach. But are the desirable results made? It is obvious that in the present market scenario, the competition is intense and loyalty has taken a backseat. Ultimately the theories aim at alignment of the long term goals of both the company and the individual. The concept of ‘long term’ is long gone from the world. The goals are short term and so are the forecasts. This could be observed in the case of the HP way as well. Currently the company is plagued by unstable management, who is troubled with the style of functioning of the organisation. Though the latter CEOs tried to remove the employee centred ‘HP way’ from HP, it is often seen that they were forced to revise their decisions. Organisations are made of organic building blocks i.e. its people. Hence the organic way of managing, irrespective of the number of names attached to theories, will continue until organisations cease to exist. References Ezaki, Koechi. 1983. ‘The Implications of Theory Z for the Sociology of Organizations’. Mid-American Review of Sociology. Vol.8, No.2, pp 81-91. McGregor, Douglas. 1960. The Human Side of Enterprise. New York : McGraw-Hill. Mayo, Elton. 1930. ‘The Human Effect of Mechanisation’. The American Economic Review. Vol.20, No.1, pp 156-176. Ouchi, W. G. 1981. Theory Z: How American Business can meet the Japanese Challenge. Massachussets : Addison- Wesley. Packard, David. 1985. The HP Way. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.

Lesson 29 Creative Writing Short Story - 1828 Words

Lesson 29 Creative Writing: Short Story â€Å"Dream Chasers† â€Å"All I can recall from June 7, 2008, is waking up and heading down stairs. My father, Randall Watts, was sitting at the table wearing his favorite tie along with the suit he had since he was 39,† I explain to the detective sitting across from me. â€Å"Can you describe that tie?† Detective May questions in a somber voice. â€Å"It was green with mustard yellow stripes,† I reply with great sadness. â€Å"My mother, Shelly Watts, was tending to my little cousin who was staying with us at the time. My mother was wearing her brand new grey suit she had bought at J.Crew the week before. As I grabbed the food from the refrigerator, my mother and father looked at each other and then at me. Right as I grabbed my strawberry pop tart with color sprinkles, I heard a honk. It was my best friend Kirsten. â€Å"Thank you, Katie,† he says in a pitiful voice, â€Å"we have another detective coming in to talk with you.† I sit in that hard wooden chair for what feels like hours until I hear a knock. â€Å"Hi, Katie, I’m Detective Brave; I’m here to help you figure out who the monster is that hurt your parents,† she speaks in a comforting voice. I look up. I cannot believe my eyes. No, it couldn’t be. â€Å"Kirsten?† I ask as my heart beats fast. â€Å"How do you know my name?† â€Å"Kirsten, it’s me your best friend, Katie.† â€Å"I’m sorry, but I don’t have a best friend named Katie. Are you okay?† I open my eyes. Light†¦so much light. Peering down at me are two curious faces.Show MoreRelatedA Lesson Before Dying: an Examination of a Prodigious Storyteller975 Words   |  4 PagesA Lesson Before Dying: An Examination of a Prodigious Storyteller A good novel entertains the reader. An excellent novel entertains and enlightens the reader. Set in a Cajun community in the late 1940’s, A Lesson Before Dying is a heart-warming tale of injustice, acceptance and redemption. A Lesson Before Dying by Earnest J. Gaines is an excellent novel. Not only does Gaines inform the reader, he entertains will his effective storytelling. His use of symbolism, voice and stylistic devices keepsRead MoreReflection Paper On Reflection1076 Words   |  5 Pageshave grown in composition writing. Going into Dublin Scioto High School’s dual credit program, I only knew how to write short story analysis papers, or your run-of-the-mill story reflection. After hearing I would have wrote a total of 5000 words minimum, I was left flabbergasted. Nevertheless, the challenges faced when writing these papers gave me an abundant amount of knowledge in transitional word use, and finally becoming comfortable with the drafting process. When writing my p apers, however, I stillRead MoreShort Story Comparison1241 Words   |  5 PagesScales 1! 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This essay will discuss how my understanding of SLWR has evolved, and in examining the links between lectures and workshops, furtherRead MoreHow Are the Themes Coming of Age and Immigrant Experience Presented in â€Å"Fiesta, 1980† and â€Å"Rules of the Game†?2087 Words   |  9 Pages 4, 2009 In Fiesta, 1980 by Junot Diaz, the story begins with a Dominican immigrant family celebrating at a party and waiting for the father of the narrator. He seldom undertakes his parental responsibilities and the responsibility of marriage. In contrast, this fathers adultery affects the mother of the narrator throughout the entire story. This story is told from the perspective of an adolescent boy, Yunior. As the story progresses, he and his brother have witnessed theRead MoreFirst Day At Boston College1751 Words   |  8 Pagesto go take a placement test for my writing class. She said that it started at 1:30. I asked her if I can take it later because it was already 1:29. She told me that I will still be not late because the door opens at 1:30, but people can start the test whenever they want. She insisted me that the ending time of test depends on the independent starting time, so I happily started walking down the vast campus. Compared with my high school, which was only a 6 story building, Boston College campus wasRead MoreEssay on Phonics and Whole language methods2543 Words   |  11 Pagesalong in strict order so that he or she only sees words whose letter sounds they have already learned (Flesch, 1983). An example from Rudolf Flesch‘s book Why Johnny Still Can‘t Read is that students would have learned the sounds of n, d, m, p, short a, and short I before trying to read the sentence: â€Å"Ann and Dan pin up the map,† (1983). Students continue learning to read in such a way, using basal (beginning) readers. The sentences get progressively harder as students learn more letter and letter combination

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The Problem Of Gender Inequality - 1041 Words

All individuals should be born equal and are entitled to all their fundamental rights and freedoms. Women do not have the opportunity to have an education due to the lack of belief in the value of education for women in. In addition to that, women have certain regulations and laws to abide by regarding legal and political rights. Furthermore, there is the problem of gender inequality in the workplace for women as they face discrimination. Women face injustice to be considered equal to men in third world countries. The majority of girls who aren’t in school in developing countries face social or family barriers. Women can aid in the development of their country when educated. By educating women for a year, there is a â€Å"10–20 per cent increase in [their] wages later in life. Academic studies find the return to a year of secondary education is even higher – in the 15–25 per cent range† (â€Å"Promoting Gender Equality through UNICEF-Supported Programming in Basic Education†). The individual and the economy improves as educated women are healthier, provide a higher quality of health care and a better way of life. Education can elevate women to have more income to support themselves and their family. Consequently, child marriage causes a violation of human rights of the opportunity for girls to have an education. In seven: â€Å"African countries, over half the total population of young women was married before the age of 18: Niger (74.5 per cent), Chad (71.5 per cent), Mali (70.6 perShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Gender Inequality950 Words   |  4 PagesGender inequality is a serious problem in our community. Since childhood I saw my mom work long hours in order to bring food to our table. Unfortunately for me, I never got to see my dad since he left my mom before I was born. I grew up in Monticello, New York, a place known for its poverty and violence. Monticello featured woman working in grocery stores and men seen selling and abusing drugs on the streets. 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Holocaust The World War I - 2252 Words

Holocaust Denial During World War I Adolf Hitler served his country which the defeat of his country lead him to blame the Jews. Hitler after the war joined the National Socialists German Workers’ Party, which was known to the English as Nazis. In 1923 he wrote his memoir â€Å"Mein Kampf† which translates to my struggles, in which Hitler expressed his obsession for the idea of a perfect Aryan race. January 20, 1933 was when Hitler was named the chancellor of Germany. The first concentration camp that Adolf opened was Dachau in March of 1933 which was under control of Heinrich Himmler. In November of 1938 is a night remembered as Kristallnacht because the Jewish synagogues were burned, shop windows were smashed and close to 100 Jews were arrested or killed. Jewish people began to flee while those who didn’t suffered from the fear of what happened. In 1939 the German Police had forced over tens of thousands of Jews into ghettos that were surrounded by high walls with barbed wire on the top. Later that year, over 70,000 Jews who were deemed unfit were gassed to death in what the Nazis called a Euthanasia Program. In 1941 was when the Nazi officers began making the Jews wear a yellow star to help identify them. The idea of using Zyklon-B came from testing done on over 500 Soviet prisoners of war. In the late 1941 was when Germany began mass shipment of Jews to the concentration camps. The elderly and those who were weak and young were the first taken to the camps. Auschwitz-BirkenauShow MoreRelatedThe Holocaust : The World War I1157 Words   |  5 PagesDwiggins computers 2 22/9/2014 The Holocaust The word â€Å"Holocaust† was originally taken from the Greek word â€Å"Holokauston†. In Greek, this word meant â€Å"sacrifice by fire†. Holocaust is the name given to the German Nazis killing and persecution of Jews. 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Ray ban report free essay sample

My marketing report will be based around the American brand Ray Ban. Ray Ban were founded in 1937 by Bausch Lomb were the glasses first purpose were protecting US army pilots from glare of the sun and altitude sickness when flying high. A new type of glasses were introduced to stop this from happening called Aviator this name of sunglasses is still living strong in 2013. In 1999 Bausch Lomb sold the sunglasses grand to an Italian group called Luxottica for a reported $640 million. Ray Ban is now a well-known and successful company and it holds a large share in the global eyewear market. They now own 35 brand names in eyewear and are continuously expanding. Part 1 Target market Ray Bans target market changed over time as in the 1930s ray ban specifically made the sunglasses for US air pilots the first photographs that were taken of the product were of army generals from then on the success of Ray Ban continued. The 1940’s-1950’s Ray Ban had been seen as a symbol of rock and roll and worn by the top artist. It then progressed in the 1960’s of an accessory for Hollywood stars and a large accessory for females. In the 1970’s ray ban was perceived as a glamorous item and extremely stylish and modern to both men and women. Then from the 1980’s onwards ray ban markets to the everyday person from every background. In the year of 2013 Ray Ban generally targets everyone from any age as it is a well-known brand appeals to most of the market. Marketing communuctaions Ray Ban have been known to use various different marketing communications to convey there message the most recent marketing capagn launched in 2007 by them is called Ray Ban ledgends communication campain where it tells the history and spirit of 75 years of Never hide. Never hide is a motto Ray ban use and Is based on having the courage to be yourself and freely express your personality. Seven pictures were released to show the icons and ledgends of the past present and future. These are seven legendary moment in time all inspired by real life and every character wears ray ban. The pictures were named on the company wesite these were, A group of pilots, the Blue Devils, in the 1930s; a writer’s â€Å"relationship† in the heart of America in the 1940s; a singer-songwriter who worked with Elvis Presley in the 1950s; an English socialite in the 1960s; a boy and girl falling in love during a protest in the 1970s; the nightlife of three girls in the 1980s, and a courageous rapper in the 1990s. (Luxottica 2012). In april 2012 the Ray Ban ledgends campain was released and used across a wide range of communication channels including both traditional and digital communications stratergies. These were as follows Press Posters Rayban. com website Iphone apps (Ray-Ban Never Hide) Facebook How do they cmpliment the messege Marketing mix Product The product helps with the marketing campaign as is shown that Ray Ban are still a market leader and have been around for over 70 years. The pictures from the campaign are in different eras so the Ray Ban products show the different styles and types of glasses is has created from when it began in 1937. Price Ray ban offer a wide range of products that differ in pice depending on the style and type of glasses/lenses. In the pictures shown in the marketing campagn the pictures show different ages and working classes so this compliments the fact that Ray Ban can offer affordable but also expensive glasses to suit all. Place Where the marketing promotion was posted via traditional and digital stratergies which all lead to the Ray Bans website were a purchase can be made. This contributes to the place on the marketing mix as it gives access to the different distribution channels arounfd the worlds where customers can buy the product. Promotion The campaign compliments the promotion by using these pictures of people wearing a Ray Ban product and sending it across all of the communication strategies were people can see the product being worn by different people with different styles. It also reaches most of the audience as Ray Ban has used a wide range of strategies. Recommendations The recommendations I would give to Ray Ban would be to use more sources of social media within marketing communication this way it can reach more people as most people don’t just use Facebook they may use for example Twitter. Another great idea would be to activate an Instagram account this is a social media that uses only pictures to communicate and would be a great tool to get the marketing message across. I would also recommend Ray Ban in using video to advertise and possibly tell the story clearer than you can from just looking at a photo. Although these photos have seem to work I would think a clearer understanding can be made of the message they are trying to get across this can be done via TV advertisement or social media i. e. uploading videos to Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube. I think a great way for Ray Ban doing a great job in marketing communications but don’t have much feedback from their customers on how they think the glasses are and why there a great buy. I think Ray Ban should use an incentive for example a discount on their next purchase or a chance to win a free pair of Ray Ban sunglasses to leave feedback on their experience with Ray Ban and use this in there marketing strategy. I think this a great way of communicating with the customers and gives a new customer an idea of how good the glasses really are. Overall the company are doing a great job in marketing communications from what I have researched they have almost every aspect covered. Part 2 Television Advertising A commercial advertisement on television usually abbreviated in the UK as an advert. This is a span of television programming paid for by an organisation for example Ray Ban which produces a message typically to market a product or service. This type of advertising has been used to promote a wide variety of products, services and ideas since the making of television. As said in the Journal of Advertising, (Jin. H. S 2013 p243), television advertising still remains the most dominant which typical consumers are exposed. I agree with this as most of the UK population watch television and I feel this is one of the best ways to market any type of product or service as it will reach the most people. There are many different strengths and weaknesses of advertising on television but with this being arguably the best way of advertising I would say that the strengths overpower the weaknesses. Some of the strengths are that television is a convenient and flexible way of advertising to a widespread popularity with ease. It is also a great for reaching millions of viewers nationally and internationally. Strengths on television advertising are that it is possible to make a strong impact in a small amount of time. This can be done by organisations using visual and audio effects. Marketers use sound, drama, and motion in order to ensure that they produce a strong and persuasive message. To do this it also involves understand the customer in the book Beyond Traditional Marketing, (Kashani ,2005, p46) â€Å"in traditional marketing, we develop expertise in the customers differentiation and market segments, and in how the customer buys. † this meaning that the organisation studies the customer and determines how they can persuade them to buy their product or service. I believe this is one of the first and most important steps to take before planning and producing an advertisement on television. Advertising on television also has its weaknesses one of these being the cost. The cost of a television advert is considerably more expensive than any other forms of marketing such as magazine radio and internet advertising, in the academic journal (Srinivasan,S 2013 p93) â€Å"Marketers pay great sums of money for television advertising time, and it is in their best interest to increase the number of viewers who see their advertisements† . So even though it is an expensive way of advertising it will be worth the expense in the long run. The range of cost is normally the length of airtime being used on television. It also ranges from how many viewers a specific programme has at the time of year the advertisement is being shown. Online Advertising After reading the book online advertising (Behboudi,M 2012 p19) I realised that there can be just as efficient and cost efficient ways of advertising. This book states that the best form of advertising is where it is in best possible reach of customers and also possibilities for feedback. Online advertising uses the internet to access a range of sites to deliver a promotional marketing message to potential customers. This includes email marketing, search engine marketing i. e. Google and social media marketing. Internet marketing can also include many different types of displays on general sites and mobile sites such as a web banner. Much more companies have started using this type of advertising as it is a rapidly growing market and more and more people are using the internet every day. To show the amount of increase in users in the book (The Best Digital Marketing Campaigns in the World, Ryan and Jones p12) in 208 the researched how many of the population were using the internet worldwide and it was around 1. 3 billion people. They had stats on the amount of users in 2010 at 2 billion people worldwide. This shows an increase of 700,000 people and just proves how fast the internet is growing. In the journal (Journal of Advertising Research, Flosi, Stephanie; Fulgoni, Gian; Vollman, Andrea 2013 p192) it states â€Å"Across the globe, digital media have become an important component of many advertisers marketing mix. Just as there has been exceptionally tremendous growth in terms of the volume of digital advertising, the digital ecosystem itself also has experienced a profound evolution. † I think this is a perfect way of describing the importance of the growing market and distinguishes how important online marketing will be in the future. Within internet marketing there are again strengths and weaknesses. Strengths of internet advertising are that the internet allows an organisation to advertise and reach significantly more people than some of the traditional advertising techniques at just a small cost. Internet advertising is idea for a national and international target market as these can be accessed easily through the internet as if it was advertising in a UK magazine it wouldn’t reach international consumers or the amount of people that you could online. It is also arguably the most cost efficient way to advertise it is also easier to target consumers ensuring that the message is seen by the most relevant audience. Disadvantages of online advertisement are that organisations marketing materials are automatically available for anyone in the world to copy and use to their advantage regardless of any legal ramifications. Images such as logos and trademarks can be copied and used for commercial purposes even slander or to mock the company as for television and magazine this cannot be copied electronically. Another disadvantaging being that consumers receive a large amount of spam and web adds cluttering their computer or phone so in some cases the advertisement will be ignored. Conclusion The impact the digital media has made on the marketing and business has been huge and is still changing as digital media is still growing online and also through mobile marketing. (Digital Marketing, Chaffey, 2012) Talks about how digital marketing has changed ever since the first website in 1991 with over one billion people using the web to find products. I agree with this as finding products and services online is more efficient and convenient for a consumer. It also says â€Å"To succeed in the future organisations will need marketers, strategists and agencies with up to date knowledge of how to apply digital media such as web, email, mobile and internet TV. † I believe that in this day and future that these types of digital media will prove crucial in a businesses success.