Physical Medicine :: Health Treatment Psychiatry Rehab Essays

Physical MedicinePHYSICAL MEDICINEPHYSICAL MEDICINE excessively called PHYSIATRY, PHYSICAL THERAPY, OR REHABILITATION MEDICINE, health check specialty concerned with the treatment of chronic disabilities and with the restoration of normal functioning to the disabled through physical modes of treatment, such(prenominal) as exercise. This specialized medical emolument is generally aimed at rehabilitating persons disabled by pain or ailments affecting the motor functions of the body. Physical medicine is whizz means employed to assist these patients to return to a comfortable and productive life, often despite the persistence of a medical problem. For centuries man used such natural physical agents as hot springs and sunlight to treat his ailments, but the development of physical medicine as a specialized medical service took place largely after World War I. Two factors influenced its growth in the 20th century--epidemic poliomyelitis and the two world wars--both of which created large numbers of young, staidly handicapped persons. Physical medicine was definitively established through the American physician Howard A. Rusks efforts to rehabilitate wounded soldiers during and after World War II. Physical medicine hence became available for the treatment of patients with such diverse problems as fractures, burns, tuberculosis, painful backs, strokes, nerve and spinal cord injuries, diabetes, birth defects, arthritis, and vision and speech impairments. Physical medicine is close associated with orthopaedic surgery, but it is also prescribed by physicians and surgeons in all branches of medicine. Physicians who specialize in physical medicine argon called physiatrists. The objectives of physical medicine are relief of pain, improvement or maintenance of functions such as strength and mobility, training in the intimately effective method of performing essential activities, and testing of function in various areas. Tests cover such fields as muscle strength, d egree of joint mobility, breathing capacity, and muscular coordination. The therapeutic means most commonly employed include heat, massage, exercise, electric currents, and functional training. Since the 1970s these basic means have been supplemented and enhanced by psychological counselling, occupational therapy, and a contour of other treatments which may be used in concert to help the disabled person achieve the fullest possible life despite the persistence of his medical problem. Heat is used generally to stimulate circulation and to relieve pain in the area treated. It may be applied by infrared lamps, shortwave radiation, or high-frequency electrical currents (diathermy) by hot, moist compresses or immersion in hot water (hydrotherapy) or by ultrasound. Massage primarily aids circulation and relieves local pain or muscle spasm.